Reference

The same air,
different verdicts.

An air quality index is not a measurement. It is a national judgement about a measurement. Each government sets its own thresholds, so identical air is labelled differently depending on which country's scale you read.

Try it

Set a PM2.5 concentration and see what each country's official index calls it.

40µg/m³ of PM2.5
United States · default worldwide
US AQI
112/ 500
Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups
India
NAQI
66/ 500
Satisfactory
China
AQI (HJ 633)
56/ 500
Moderate
Thailand
Thailand AQI
107/ 201
Affecting Health

At this concentration the four standards return 4 different verdicts for identical air.

Why they disagree

Every index in this table works the same way: measure a pollutant, find the band its concentration falls into, then interpolate linearly between that band's endpoints to get a number. The arithmetic is identical everywhere. What differs is where the bands are drawn.

Those choices reflect local conditions and policy, not disagreement about the science. India tolerates more PM10 before flagging concern, which is a reasonable response to natural dust. A country with cleaner baseline air can afford tighter thresholds.

Two practical consequences. First, an AQI number is meaningless without knowing whose scale produced it: a Thai AQI of 150 and a US AQI of 150 do not describe the same air. Second, the concentration in µg/m³ is the part that actually transfers between countries, which is why Atmos shows it.

United States · default worldwide · US AQI

EPA (pre-2024 breakpoints)

The scale most apps show by default, anywhere in the world. Atmos uses these breakpoints today.

CategoryPM2.5 µg/m³PM10 µg/m³Index
Good0–120–540–50
Moderate12.1–35.455–15451–100
Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups35.5–55.4155–254101–150
Unhealthy55.5–150.4255–354151–200
Very Unhealthy150.5–250.4355–424201–300
Hazardous250.5–500.4425–604301–500

United States · US AQI (2024 revision)

EPA (current)

In 2024 the EPA tightened the PM2.5 "Good" ceiling from 12.0 to 9.0 µg/m³. Atmos has not adopted these yet, so the same air can read higher here than in the app.

CategoryPM2.5 µg/m³PM10 µg/m³Index
Good0–90–540–50
Moderate9.1–35.455–15451–100
Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups35.5–55.4155–254101–150
Unhealthy55.5–125.4255–354151–200
Very Unhealthy125.5–225.4355–424201–300
Hazardous225.5–500.4425–604301–500

India · NAQI

Central Pollution Control Board

India tolerates more PM10 than the EPA before flagging concern, a reasonable response to natural dust. Its category names differ too, so "Moderate" in Delhi is not "Moderate" in Denver.

CategoryPM2.5 µg/m³PM10 µg/m³Index
Good0–300–500–50
Satisfactory31–6051–10051–100
Moderate61–90101–250101–200
Poor91–120251–350201–300
Very Poor121–250351–430301–400
Severe251–500431–600401–500

China · AQI (HJ 633)

HJ 633-2012

Numerically the category cutoffs match the EPA, but the concentrations behind them do not: 35 µg/m³ of PM2.5 is the top of "Good" here and already "Moderate" in the US.

CategoryPM2.5 µg/m³PM10 µg/m³Index
Good0–350–500–50
Moderate36–7551–15051–100
Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups76–115151–250101–150
Unhealthy116–150251–350151–200
Very Unhealthy151–250351–420201–300
Hazardous251–500421–600301–500

Thailand · Thailand AQI

Pollution Control Department (2023)

Thailand's public index is PM2.5-driven and tops out around 201 rather than 500, so its numbers are not comparable to a US AQI of the same value.

CategoryPM2.5 µg/m³Index
Very Good0–150–25
Good15.1–2526–50
Moderate25.1–37.551–100
Affecting Health37.6–75101–200
Hazardous75.1–500201–500

WHO 2021 global guidelines

The World Health Organization publishes health-based targets rather than an index. They are not a national standard and no country's AQI is built on them directly, but they are the common yardstick behind the tables above and they are stricter than every one of them.

PollutantShort-termWindowAnnual
PM2.515 µg/m³24-hour5 µg/m³
PM1045 µg/m³24-hour15 µg/m³
NO₂25 µg/m³24-hour10 µg/m³
O₃100 µg/m³8-hour peakn/a
SO₂40 µg/m³24-hourn/a
CO4000 µg/m³24-hourn/a

How Atmos applies this

  • Concentrations come first. Pollutants are read as µg/m³ from Open-Meteo, and the index is derived from them, not the other way round.
  • Local standard where it matters. In India, China and Thailand the headline number is recomputed under CPCB, HJ 633 or PCD, so it matches what a local government app would show. Everywhere else defaults to the US scale.
  • Absent is not zero. A pollutant a station does not report is shown as unavailable rather than as a reading of zero, which would look like clean air that was never measured.
  • Known gap. Atmos still uses the EPA's pre-2024 PM2.5 breakpoints. The 2024 revision, listed above, is stricter, so the same air reads slightly better in the app than under the current US rule.